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Mathematician Hannah Fry didn’t like data – until she found out Wikipedia’s secret. Watch this extract from Wingspan Production's latest programme; The Joy of Data.
5 loops where clicking 1st link does not lead you to the Philosophy page. 0:00 Intro 0:57 Fact/Truth Loop 3:58 Mathematics/Arithmetic Loop 5:51 United States Loop 8:07 Tram Loop 8:35 Trump Loop 9:57 Random Pages #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis
Open a random page, click the 1st link, repeat: eventually you arrive at the Philosophy page. Study Skills playlist: 🤍 0:00 Intro 0:20 Tim Donahue (drummer) 2:02 List of WWE Women's Champions (oh my!) 2:40 Das Vierte 3:37 (1st detour into Wiktionary) 5:35 Acalyptris paradividua 6:28 German submarine U-198 6:53 Finer Feelings 7:59 Why this method consistenly leads to the Philosophy page 8:22 Dresden Castle 8:35 Mitchell Waite 9:50 List of busiest ports by cargo tonnage 10:49 Not every article leads to Philosophy, some lead to loops 11:10 What happens when we apply this method to the Philosophy article? #Philosophy #Wikipedia #GettingToPhilosophy Music: Among the Clouds, by Darren Curtis Drone in D, by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License 🤍
#Philosophicalrazors #Debate #Burden #Powerscale #SCPexplained #SCPWiki #Top5 #Logic #razors #philosophy #Occam'srazor #every #Hitchen'sRazor #wikipedia ME TikTok 🤍 Insta 🤍 Discord: Optimized#6254 Xbox: OptimizedYT#5620 In this video I go over every razor. Occam's Razor, Sagan's Standard, Hitchen's Razor, Newton's Flaming Razor Sword, Hanlon's Razor, Hume's Guillotine, Grice's Razor, Popper's Falsifiability Principle. Links Wikipedia 🤍 Problem of Induction 🤍 The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 🤍 MUSIC Lofi type beat "biscuit" - lukrembo 🤍 lukrembo - affogato 🤍 Moonshine - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: MY4O80WTCDZ4XURL Cozy - Prigida Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): 🤍 License code: YGCQX83DMMSC8APC TIMESTAMPS 0:00 - Intro 0:36 - Occam's-Razor 1:13 - Sagan's-Standard 1:43 - Hitchen's-Razor 2:21 - Newton's-Flaming-Razor-Sword 3:02 - Hanlon's-Razor 3:36 - Hume's-Guillotine 4:28 - Grice's-Razor 5:24 - Popper's-Falsifiability-Principle 6:46 - Outro
Hannah Fry is a mathematician, author, lecturer, radio and TV presenter, podcaster and pyblic speaker.
For any random Wikipedia article, if you click the first link that is not in parenthesis or is an disambiguation, you will eventually get to Philosophy.
Click any blue link (that's not in parentheses) on any Wikipedia page, then repeat on the new page. This process will ALWAYS lead you to Philosophy. Edit: ALMOST always ;-) When an article leads back to itself, that's called a "loop." Some loops are temporary and they take care of themselves. Others are intentionally created by people trying to dethrone philosophy article. Either way, it's an interesting phenomenon! Why is this? In this video, I present one explanation. Visualizing the Wikipedia neural networks: 🤍 Original blog post: 🤍 And of course, Wikipedia itself, starting with some random article.
This video tells how and why almost every page on #Wikipedia leads to #philosophy when we click the first link of the article. Xefer Wikipedia radial graph: 🤍
Go to a random Wikipedia article, click on first link (skip parentheses). Repeat. You always end up on "Philosophy".
Here's something strange, but it really works.. Go to Wikipedia, any random article will do. Click the first link of any article, but skip anything in parentheses (brackets). Repeat this and you will eventually end up on Philosophy. Wikipedia page about this trick! 🤍
Wikipedia seems to much maligned for its easy editing and possibility of hoaxes, vandalism, and other types of sabotage. But this misses the entire point of wiki: it is an encyclopedia! So today I want to talk about its usefulness in regards to scholarship, and what its actual problems are. We're going to talk about source mining, tertiary sources, and common knowledge principles in regards to the history profession. References: nothing to cite, but here are some wiki links about that explain some of this stuff more thoroughly: 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 🤍 SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE VIDEOS: 🤍 Support the channel through Patreon: 🤍 LET'S CONNECT: 🤍 🤍 Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia with the aim to allow anyone to edit articles.[3] Wikipedia is the largest and most popular general reference work on the Internet,[4][5][6] and is ranked the fifth-most popular website.[7] Wikipedia is owned by the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation.[8][9][10] Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.[11] Sanger coined its name,[12][13] a portmanteau of wiki[notes 4] and encyclopedia. There was only the English-language version initially, but similar versions in other languages quickly developed, which differ in content and in editing practices. With 5,501,673 articles,[notes 5] the English Wikipedia is the largest of the more than 290 Wikipedia encyclopedias. Overall, Wikipedia comprises more than 40 million articles in 299 different languages[15] and, as of February 2014, it had 18 billion page views and nearly 500 million unique visitors each month.[16] As of March 2017, Wikipedia has about 40,000 high-quality articles, known as Featured Articles and Good Articles, that cover vital topics.[17][18] In 2005, Nature published a peer review comparing 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia, and found that Wikipedia's level of accuracy approached that of Encyclopædia Britannica.[19] Wikipedia has been criticized for allegedly exhibiting systemic bias, presenting a mixture of "truths, half truths, and some falsehoods",[20] and, in controversial topics, being subject to manipulation and spin.[21] Hashtags: #Wikipedia #SourceMining #CommonKnowledge #History
Wikipedia does not care about rational thinking. This video shows why this is, using the Cultural Marxism article as an example. LINKS All My Links: 🤍 If you want to leave me a tip / support my content: 🤍 Follow me on Twitter for channel updates and general bantz: 🤍 My Discord: 🤍 Odysee Backup: 🤍 Rumble Backup: 🤍 = Additional reading: 🤍 🤍
YO YO YO WHAT'S UP PEOPLE!!!!! I came across this cool game which isn't actually a game per se. You guys should try it out too! It's been a long time since I uploaded a video. Thanks for sticking around. I'll do my best to be regular with uploads. #wiki #gaming #Wikipedia Like, share and subscribe!!! JAMHAMMER 🤍 INNOPID 🤍
Google's opinion about Russia(ns)... Why do people hate all the Russians?! In the video I'll show you some auto-fill stuff. I also included some part about Wikipedia. When you click in a random English wiki on the first link that's not italic or in brackets, you'll always end up at: Philosophy.
Wikipedia began with the goal of distributing a free, high-quality encyclopedia to every person on the planet. This internet project, written collaboratively by volunteers in over 260 languages, is now over 10 times larger than Encyclopedia Britannica. Founder Jimmy Wales considers how the project is meeting its many ideals. Karen Saupe hosts
Take any article and click on the first link not in parenthesis or italics. Repeat. Eventually you'll end up at the article on philosophy. 🤍 Thanx to Randell Munroe for suggesting this idea: 🤍
We've all used WIkipedia before. But do you know how they got started? Well Wikipedia's origin story is actually pretty gross. This is a piece of Internet History you've probably never heard of! Visual Sources: 1990s Home Video - 🤍 1990s New York -🤍 Retro Computer Ads - 🤍 More 90s Commercials - 🤍 McDonalds Commercial - 🤍 Jimmy Wales Image - 🤍 Wales and Sanger - 🤍 Wikipedia Profit Chart - 🤍 2007 Commercials - 🤍 Vintage Ferrari - 🤍 Rolex Footage - 🤍 Jimbo - 🤍 Soulja Boy Huh -🤍 #InternetHistory #Wikipedia
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:02:14 1 Significant people and publications 00:05:10 2 Philosophy 00:09:29 3 Science 00:14:57 4 Sociology, economics and law 00:17:32 5 Politics 00:18:18 5.1 Theories of government 00:26:01 5.2 Enlightened absolutism 00:28:40 5.3 French Revolution 00:30:55 6 Religion 00:35:17 6.1 Separation of church and state 00:37:01 7 National variations 00:38:07 7.1 Great Britain 00:38:16 7.1.1 England 00:40:08 7.1.2 Scotland 00:41:24 7.1.3 American colonies 00:43:11 7.2 German states 00:48:28 7.3 Italy 00:51:03 7.4 Russia 00:52:37 7.5 Portugal 00:55:35 7.6 Poland 00:57:36 8 Historiography 00:59:10 8.1 Definition 00:59:58 8.2 Time span 01:04:01 8.3 Modern study 01:05:33 9 Society and culture 01:08:51 9.1 Social and cultural implications in the arts 01:14:10 10 Dissemination of ideas 01:18:20 10.1 The Republic of Letters 01:18:46 10.2 The book industry 01:23:26 10.3 Natural history 01:30:33 10.4 Scientific and literary journals 01:33:19 10.5 Encyclopedias and dictionaries 01:35:43 10.6 Popularization of science 01:43:24 10.7 Schools and universities 01:47:48 10.8 Learned academies 01:50:17 10.9 Salons 01:55:47 10.10 Coffeehouses 01:56:10 10.11 Debating societies 02:01:14 10.12 Masonic lodges 02:04:53 10.13 Art 02:12:04 11 Important intellectuals 02:12:54 12 See also 02:13:05 13 References Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.7694161934291918 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = The Age of Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Reason or simply the Enlightenment) was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, the "Century of Philosophy".Some consider the publication of Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica (1687) as the first major enlightenment work. French historians traditionally date the Enlightenment from 1715 to 1789, from the beginning of the reign of Louis XV until the French Revolution. Most end it with the turn of the 19th century. Philosophers and scientists of the period widely circulated their ideas through meetings at scientific academies, Masonic lodges, literary salons, coffeehouses and in printed books, journals, and pamphlets. The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the Church and paved the way for the political revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage to the Enlightenment.The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. In France, the central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were individual liberty and religious tolerance, in opposition to an absolute monarchy and the fixed dogmas of the Roman Catholic Church. The Enlightenment was marked by an emphasis on the scientific method and reductionism, along with increased questioning of religious orthodoxy—an attitude captured by the phrase Sapere aude (Dare to know).
Support the channel by watching this video ad-free on Nebula: 🤍 The Fermi paradox: the mystery of why humans are alone in the universe. In an old Wikipedia article, I learned a secret about it. Support the channel on Patreon: 🤍 Twitter: 🤍 Music by: Epidemic Sound 🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Philosophy of science 00:03:37 1 Introduction 00:03:46 1.1 Defining science 00:05:16 1.2 Scientific explanation 00:06:41 1.3 Justifying science 00:09:36 1.4 Observation inseparable from theory 00:11:13 1.5 The purpose of science 00:12:39 1.6 Values and science 00:13:48 2 History 00:13:57 2.1 Pre-modern 00:14:55 2.2 Modern 00:16:37 2.3 Logical positivism 00:20:10 2.4 Thomas Kuhn 00:22:10 3 Current approaches 00:22:19 3.1 Naturalism's axiomatic assumptions 00:25:57 3.2 Coherentism 00:28:16 3.3 Anything goes methodology 00:29:23 3.4 Sociology of scientific knowledge methodology 00:31:40 3.5 Continental philosophy 00:34:03 4 Other topics 00:34:12 4.1 Reductionism 00:35:04 4.2 Social accountability 00:35:51 5 Philosophy of particular sciences 00:36:35 5.1 Philosophy of statistics 00:37:29 5.2 Philosophy of mathematics 00:38:25 5.3 Philosophy of physics 00:39:09 5.4 Philosophy of chemistry 00:40:17 5.5 Philosophy of Earth sciences 00:40:52 5.6 Philosophy of biology 00:42:17 5.7 Philosophy of medicine 00:43:27 5.8 Philosophy of psychology 00:46:40 5.9 Philosophy of psychiatry 00:47:28 5.10 Philosophy of economics 00:48:38 5.11 Philosophy of social science 00:51:25 6 See also 00:51:34 7 Footnotes 00:51:43 8 Sources 00:51:52 9 Further reading 00:52:01 10 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth. There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself. While philosophical thought pertaining to science dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was also formative, challenging the view of scientific progress as steady, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on a fixed method of systematic experimentation and instead arguing that any progress is relative to a "paradigm," the set of questions, concepts, and practices that define a scientific discipline in a particular historical period. Karl Popper and Charles Sanders Peirce moved on from positivism to establish a modern set of standards for scientific methodology. Subsequently, the coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole, became prominent due to W. V. Quine and others. Some thinkers such as Stephen Jay Gould seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. A vocal minority of philosophers, and Paul Feyerabend (1924–1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the "scientific method", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in continental philosophy approaches science from the perspect ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:00:18 1 Tractatus 00:00:36 2 Philosophy of mathematics, post-1929 00:00:54 3 The Lectures on the Foundations of mathematics 00:01:13 4 The Remarks on the Foundations of mathematics (1937–44) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.9944475842265335 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Ludwig Wittgenstein considered his chief contribution to be in the philosophy of mathematics, a topic to which he devoted much of his work between 1929 and 1944. As with his philosophy of language, Wittgenstein's views on mathematics evolved from the period of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus: with him changing from logicism (which was endorsed by his mentor Bertrand Russell) towards a general anti-foundationalism and constructivism that was not readily accepted by the mathematical community. The success of Wittgenstein's general philosophy has tended to displace the real debates on more technical issues.His Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics contains his compiled views, notably a controversial repudiation of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
Video summary: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈniːtʃə] (listen) or [ˈniːtsʃə]; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, cultural critic, composer, poet, and philologist whose work has exerted a profound influence on modern intellectual history. He began his career as a classical philologist before turning to philosophy. He became the youngest person ever to hold the Chair of Classical Philology at the University of Basel in 1869 at the age of 24. Nietzsche resigned in 1879 due to health problems that plagued him most of his life; he completed much of his core writing in the following decade. In 1889, at age 44, he suffered a collapse and afterward a complete loss of his mental faculties. He lived his remaining years in the care of his mother until her death in 1897 and then with his sister Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Nietzsche died in 1900.Nietzsche's writing spans philosophical polemics, poetry, cultural criticism, and fiction while displaying a fondness for aphorism and irony. Prominent elements of his philosophy include his radical critique of truth in favor of perspectivism; a genealogical critique of religion and Christian morality and related theory of master–slave morality; the aesthetic affirmation of existence in response to the "death of God" and the profound crisis of nihilism; the notion of Apollonian and Dionysian forces; and a characterization of the human subject as the expression of competing wills, collectively understood as the will to power. He also developed influential concepts such as the Übermensch and the doctrine of eternal return. In his later work, he became increasingly preoccupied with the creative powers of the individual to overcome cultural and moral mores in pursuit of new values and aesthetic health. His body of work touched a wide range of topics, including art, philology, history, religion, tragedy, culture, and science, and drew early inspiration from figures such as philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, composer Richard Wagner, and writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.After his death, his sister Elisabeth became the curator and editor of Nietzsche's manuscripts. She edited his unpublished writings to fit her German nationalist ideology while often contradicting or obfuscating Nietzsche's stated opinions, which were explicitly opposed to antisemitism and nationalism. Through her published editions, Nietzsche's work became associated with fascism and Nazism; 20th-century scholars contested this interpretation, and corrected editions of his writings were soon made available. Nietzsche's thought enjoyed renewed popularity in the 1960s and his ideas have since had a profound impact on 20th and early-21st century thinkers across philosophy—especially in schools of continental philosophy such as existentialism, postmodernism and post-structuralism—as well as art, literature, psychology, politics, and popular culture. Article: 🤍 About us: The AI reader History channel helps you learn about History. We use Wikipedia articles one of the most reliable sources on the internet. Learn while driving, while at the office, or while relaxing at home. Just turn on our channel and learn about all sorts of historic events and people. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (🤍
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:01:06 1 Synopsis 00:03:37 2 Reception Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.8310338278323767 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company’s Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University. The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of South Park as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture. The book was published December 1, 2006. The following year, South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating—volume 26 of Open Court Publishing Company's Popular Culture and Philosophy series—was published, with editing by philosopher Richard Hanley.
Video summary: Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus. Article: 🤍 About us: The AI reader History channel helps you learn about History. We use Wikipedia articles one of the most reliable sources on the internet. Learn while driving, while at the office, or while relaxing at home. Just turn on our channel and learn about all sorts of historic events and people. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 (🤍
If you're new, Subscribe! → 🤍 Richard Kruspe of Rammstein and Emigrate sits down with Graham 'Gruhamed' Hartmann for a round of 'Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?'. Go here → 🤍 Like us → 🤍 Follow us → 🤍 Get our newsletter → 🤍 Follow Graham 'Gruhamed' Hartmann → 🤍
ALSO AVAILABLE AS PODCAST! Apple: 🤍 Podbean: 🤍 In this video/podcast, we join Fabien Benetou in his online, personal VR environment in Mozilla Hubs Cloud. We discuss the possibility of storing information visuospatially, such as Benetou's VR Wiki, Memory/Mind Palaces, and the possibility of exploring a shared VR Wikipedia in the future. Particularly, we discuss how we can extend our minds through VR.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: David Lewis (philosopher) Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = David Kellogg Lewis (September 28, 1941 – October 14, 2001) was an American philosopher. Lewis taught briefly at UCLA and then at Princeton from 1970 until his death. He is also closely associated with Australia, whose philosophical community he visited almost annually for more than thirty years. He made contributions in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of probability, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophical logic, and aesthetics. He is probably best known for his controversial modal realist stance: that (i) possible worlds exist, (ii) every possible world is a concrete entity, (iii) any possible world is causally and spatiotemporally isolated from any other possible world, and (iv) our world is among the possible worlds.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:02:06 1 Three kinds of (formal) reason 00:04:43 2 Post-metaphysical philosophy 00:06:44 3 Explanation 00:10:47 3.1 Validity dimensions 00:16:12 3.2 Standards of justification 00:19:21 4 Critique 00:20:14 5 See also 00:20:36 6 Citations 00:20:46 7 Sources Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.7476274808203319 Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Communicative rationality or communicative reason (German: kommunikative Rationalität) is a theory or set of theories which describes human rationality as a necessary outcome of successful communication. In particular, it is tied to the philosophy of German philosophers Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas, and their program of universal pragmatics, along with its related theories such as those on discourse ethics and rational reconstruction. This view of reason is concerned with clarifying the norms and procedures by which agreement can be reached, and is therefore a view of reason as a form of public justification. According to the theory of communicative rationality, the potential for certain kinds of reason is inherent in communication itself. Building from this, Habermas has tried to formalize that potential in explicit terms. According to Habermas, the phenomena that need to be accounted for by the theory are the "intuitively mastered rules for reaching an understanding and conducting argumentation", possessed by subjects who are capable of speech and action. The goal is to transform this implicit "know-how" into explicit "know-that", i.e. knowledge, about how we conduct ourselves in the realm of "moral-practical" reasoning. The result of the theory is a conception of reason that Habermas sees as doing justice to the most important trends in twentieth century philosophy, while escaping the relativism which characterizes postmodernism, and also providing necessary standards for critical evaluation.
🤍 Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales addresses how Objectivist philosophy guides his nonprofit work. (November 1, 2008)
See more on wikipedia... 🤍 Ontology (introduced in 1606) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations. Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology often deals with questions concerning what entities exist or may be said to exist and how such entities may be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences. A very simple definition of ontology is that it is the examination of what is meant by 'being'. In modern terms, the formal study of reality itself is in the domain of the physical sciences, while the study of personal eality\ is left to psychology. The idea of ontology comes from a time before people could make these distinctions and yet were beginning to investigate the bigger questions (irst principle\) within the emerging context of secular thought, without religious forms and ideas.
Tarrare was a French showman and soldier noted for his unusual appetite and eating habits. This video uses material from the Wikipedia article 🤍 00:02:48 - Early life 00:04:14 - Appearance and behaviour 00:06:31 - Military service 00:08:40 - Service as a military courier 00:11:57 - Attempted cures 00:13:19 - Death This channel turns Wikipedia pages into videos! All speech audio used in our videos is completely A.I. generated. If you have any requests for a specific Wikipedia page to be turned into video format please email us or leave a comment on one of our videos. This channel is not affiliated with Wikipedia in any way, and is entirely a private venture. If you have found this channel useful please consider donating to The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that operates Wikipedia. I know I couldn't have gotten through school without it...
Highlights of stream originally aired August 25, 2019 🤍 Learn more about Elliot Temple's philosophy 🤍 Edited by Justin Mallone 🤍 0:00 - Wikipedia bias against the Bible 4:55 - Replying to a Bible-related chat comment 7:41 - Learning philosophy and helping the world 12:02 - Correcting your errors while reading 15:21 - Trying to help without being a good thinker 19:32 - Getting stuck 22:29 - How to learn logic Art attribution for thumbnail icon: Icons made by 🤍 from 🤍
Harold Frederick Shipman, known to acquaintances as Fred Shipman, was an English general practitioner and serial killer. This video uses material from the Wikipedia article 🤍 00:01:23 - Early life, family and education 00:02:53 - Career 00:04:01 - Detection 00:07:05 - Trial and imprisonment 00:09:34 - Death 00:13:02 - Aftermath 00:16:26 - Shipman effect 00:17:39 - In media This channel turns Wikipedia pages into videos! All speech audio used in our videos is completely A.I. generated. If you have any requests for a specific Wikipedia page to be turned into video format please email us or leave a comment on one of our videos. This channel is not affiliated with Wikipedia in any way, and is entirely a private venture. If you have found this channel useful please consider donating to The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that operates Wikipedia. I know I couldn't have gotten through school without it...
Flat Earth is an archaic and scientifically disproven conception of the Earth's shape as a plane or disk. This video uses material from the Wikipedia article 🤍 History Belief in flat Earth 00:01:31 - West Asia Greece 00:02:21 - Poets 00:02:57 - Philosophers 00:04:19 - Historians 00:04:41 - Northern Europe 00:06:27 - East Asia Alternate or mixed theories 00:10:39 - Greece: spherical Earth 00:11:59 - South Asia 00:13:27 - Early Christian Church 00:18:59 - Europe: Early Middle Ages 00:25:01 - Europe: Late Middle Ages 00:26:57 - Middle East: Islamic scholars 00:29:10 - Ming Dynasty in China 00:30:29 - Myth of flat-Earth prevalence 00:31:31 - Modern flat Earth beliefs 00:32:59 - Cultural references 00:33:39 - Education This channel turns Wikipedia pages into videos! If you have any requests for a specific Wikipedia page to be turned into video format please email us or leave a comment on one of our videos. This channel is not affiliated with Wikipedia in any way, and is entirely a private venture. If you have found this channel useful please consider donating to The Wikimedia Foundation, the nonprofit that operates Wikipedia. I know I couldn't have gotten through school without it...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: Glossary of philosophy Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: 🤍 You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 "The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing." - Socrates SUMMARY = A glossary of terms used in philosophy.
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: 🤍 00:00:43 1 Background 00:01:04 2 Summary 00:02:20 3 Reception 00:02:54 4 See also 00:03:06 5 Notes and references 00:03:16 6 External links Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: 🤍 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: 🤍 Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: 🤍 Speaking Rate: 0.8300139560944819 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY = Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature is a 1979 book by American philosopher Richard Rorty, in which the author attempts to dissolve modern philosophical problems instead of solving them by presenting them as pseudo-problems that only exist in the language-game of epistemological projects culminating in analytic philosophy. In a pragmatist gesture, Rorty suggests that philosophy must get past these pseudo-problems if it is to be productive. The work was considered controversial upon publication, and had its greatest success outside analytic philosophy.
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